It’s time to talk about the second letter in NASA: Aeronautics. Yes, NASA does mind-blowing things in outer space, but they also want you to get to your family reunion in one piece. NASA is making planes smarter.
Smart enough to be flyable even when they’re falling apart.
We’re all familiar with the term “autopilot” yes? Think of Adaptive Control as a super-mega-charged version of that. It’s part of what they call Intelligent Avionics at NASA Ames, and it’s capable of identifying a problem and correcting for it in a matter of milliseconds — before the pilot even knows something is wrong. As aeroplanes get more complex, both mechanically and electronically, there’s more that can potentially go awry. Adaptive Control is designed to compensate for just about any failure, right down to worst-case scenarios.
As you can see in the above video of my time in an Ames flight simulator, a regular plane is still flyable even if a piece of its tail is broken off; it just takes about 10 times more work to keep it stable. So OK, it’s entirely possible to keep it in the air — but what about landing? Another story entirely. When a pilot has to constantly compensate for a smashed up tail, landing is exponentially more difficult. I’m not a pilot, but when Adaptive Control was switched on, I could keep the plane level very easily. It was a tad sluggish to turn, but considering it had a chunk of tail missing, it wasn’t bad at all.
Wing failure was a whole different ball of extremely dangerous, out of control wax. Losing a wing is pretty much a pilot’s worst nightmare, and now I have a visceral understanding of why that is. Even with Adaptive Control on I went into an uncontrollable roll and plunged to my virtual death. Seeing it happen on that gigantic, projected screen and pulling back on the joystick in vain made my heart race every time. Krishna is a much better pilot than I am. When the failure occurred he just turned up the thruster, pulled back on the stick as hard as he could, and the Adaptive Control saved the day. With half a wing missing. Crazy!
It’s worth noting that a really, really good pilot may be able to overcome failures like these on his own. In 1983, pilot Zevi Nedavi lost an entire wing while flying his F-15 in a training exercise. He was miraculously able to regain stability and land the plane safely. This, however, is the exception, not the rule. The F-15 has a wide body and a load of thrust, which helped it compensate. Normally when a wing is lost it’s eject or die. Adaptive Control might help raise the percentage of survival.
This is just one of heaps of things NASA Ames is working on in order to improve air safety, but it’s certainly the most dramatic. For anybody who’s ever flown through some serious turbulence or lived through mechanical failure on a plane, this addition can’t come soon enough.
Space Camp is all about the under-explored side of NASA. From robotics to medicine to deep-space telescopes to art. For these couple of weeks we’ll be coming at you direct from NASA JPL and NASA Ames, shedding a light on this amazing world.
Special thanks to Mark Rober, Jessica Culler, Dan Goods, Val Bunnell and everybody at NASA JPL and NASA Ames for making this happen. The list of thank yous would take up pages, but for giving us access, and for being so generous with their time, we are extremely grateful to everyone there.
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Video shot by Bill Bowles, edited by Woody Jang.
EMH
Saturday, February 4, 2012 at 11:44 AMUnintentional or accidental asymetric flight situations have been around for a very long time and not all of them have lead to loss of control. These incidents range from bombers losing parts of one wing during enounters with barrage balloon cables to a case in Australia many years ago where a DC3 hand one wing replaced by a DC2 (substantially smaller) wing and the aircraft was then flown from Central Australia to Adelaide (not sure if I have the destination city right).
The reall issue with adaptive control is, how would a civil aviation licensing authority ever be able to certify it? With a potentially infinite number of aircraft configurations available there would seem to be no way other than via trust.
SF.
Saturday, February 4, 2012 at 1:41 PM“COM-AAAAN GIMME SOME AIRSPEED”
That is awesome tech.
Sally
Tuesday, February 7, 2012 at 4:53 PMI guess half a wing will still generate lift, but it would be insufficient to maintain flight in your everyday aircraft, let alone the loss of the aileron which is on the outer edge of the wing.
Wings are designed to stall at the wing root first, and then gradually stall closer to the wing tip, the reason is that your control surfaces, the aileron, is is on the wing tip.
If you are missing half your wing, you effectively have lost the control surface on that wing, even if the remainder can generate enough lift to maintain flight.
In a jet fighter, you can produce sufficient thrust to overcome this, and allow the plane to continue to fly, and using the remaining control surfaces, ie, the rudder, elevator, thrust and remaining aileron you may be able to maintain flight and land the aircraft.
It is easier to do this with twin engines, as you can then reduce thrust on the intact wing, and increase thrust on the damaged wing to control the aircraft, but with a single engine, this would be very difficult indeed, even with sufficient thrust.
A good example of this is a DHL Aircraft that was hit by a SAM in Baghdad, and the pilots worked out they could control the plane using the remaining control surfaces, and adjusting the trust on the 2 engines to compensate, but it was still very difficult for them. They landed safely, then rolled into a live mine field, but the mines did not go off and they survived.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Baghdad_DHL_attempted_shootdown_incident