Scientists have developed a new material based on graphene that could drive a revolution in medical implants and lightweight heat-resistant materials for car and aircraft engines.
The new plastic material has the heat resistance of some metals but is much lighter, said researcher Associate Professor Shannon Notley, a physicist at The Australian National University (ANU) Research School of Physics and Engineering (RSPE).
“The combination of strength and electrical properties is as good as anyone’s made before, and it’s stable at very high temperatures,” said Associate Professor Notley,
The team also demonstrated the new material’s potential for medical applications by growing a layer of mammalian cells on it.
“This material’s ability to merge into the body will greatly improve outcomes for implants,” Associate Professor Notley said. “It could also be crucial for the development of tiny sensors implanted in the body and could even be used for fuel cells based on bacterial interactions found in nature.”
Graphene is a form of carbon made of layers a single atom thick, which has extremely high electrical and heat conduction. Taking advantage of these properties at a large scale requires making composite materials that link many graphene sheets, which has until now has required expensive and toxic solvents because graphene is not water soluble.
The team developed a way to produce graphene using a designer surfactant, a chemical that works similarly to the way soap dissolves grease in water.
As well as suspending the graphene, the surfactant molecules were engineered to link together to form a polymer, said their designer Dr Tao Wang, from Swinburne University Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, and ANU RSPE.
“Because the chemical we use to suspend the graphene becomes the matrix, it takes out a couple of steps and makes the manufacturing much quicker and easier,” Dr Wang said.
“Usually the surfactant is an intermediate chemical you have to get rid of before you cross link the polymer, which is a headache. But ours is implicitly involved in forming the composite.”
Dr Wang said the new understanding of molecular mechanisms developed in this research would enable them to tailor chemicals to get the properties they need.
“It’s a unique system, it’s opening up a whole new way of making nanocomposites,” he said.
[Advanced Materials interfaces]