US Marine Corps stationed in Hawaii are now on standby to help with evacuations should lava flows cut off the only remaining escape route from the beleaguered Puna neighbourhood. The latest threat comes as the Big Island enters its fourth week of eruptions and as a third lava flow reaches the ocean.
Aerial view of the three lava ocean entries. Image: USGS
At a base near Honolulu, a pair of CH-53E Super Stallion helicopters have been readied in case encroaching lava flows reach State Highway 130. If blocked, residents living in Leilani Estates and the surrounding neighbourhoods would be cut off from grocery stores, schools and hospitals.
Around 2000 people have already been evacuated from this coastal community, and another 2000 would have to flee should the lava reach the highway or if large cracks open up in the road. The US Marine Corps says its two helicopters can carry up to 50 passengers at a time.
Fissure six builds a lava berm across Pohoiki Road.Image: USGS
“We now have the capacity to evacuate all of the estimated population of lower Puna south of the lava flow within a few hours,” Brigadier General Kenneth Hara of the Hawaii National Guard said in a statement.
Road crews have been dumping material into cracks on the highway and covering them with steel plates to keep the road accessible.
Aerial view of the lower East Rift Zone showing the lava channel merging from Fissure 22 (not visible, but to the center, far right of the image).Image: USGS
Meanwhile, a third lava flow has reached the ocean just east of Mackenzie State Park, the USGS has confirmed.
“The extent of fountaining and lava flows is about two miles and that’s going from fissure eight all the way up to fissure 22,” explained USGS volcanologist Wendy Stovall in Hawaii News Now.
“There’s two main channels of lava that are issuing from those vents and it went down to the coast. And one of the channels, the furthest channel to the east, is bifurcating so it’s splitting into two and now we have three ocean entries at the coast.”
The lava pouring into the sea is creating large plumes of laze — clouds of gas and tiny shards of glass — that pose a risk to nearby residents. Indeed, air quality is a growing concern, as those living near the lava bursts are being exposed to high levels of sulphur dioxide. Residents may have to flee should the air quality deteriorate further. In addition, explosive eruptions at Kilauea’s summit crater have released clouds of ash, which are drifting onto communities downwind.
Illustration of Kilauea volcano from the summit caldera to the lower East Rift Zone. Image: USGS
Officials are also warning about worsening ground cracking, which has already badly damaged one home. The cracks have torn roads apart in some places, and created gaps as wide as three to 10 feet. Geologists with the USGS say this is a sign that magma is continuing to enter the rift zone and that additional eruptive activity is likely.
Love this graphic from @HawaiiNuiBrew pic.twitter.com/ubyroplFYr
— Dr. Samantha Montano (@SamLMontano) May 23, 2018
Since the Kilauea eruptions began on May 3, more than 20 vents have appeared in the Puna region, and they’re collectively pouring out lava at the astonishing rate of up to 18.3m³ each second. The fissures extend for 3.22km and lava has now covered more than 688 hectares in lower Puna, though the actual figure is probably higher.
To date, over 50 structures have been wrecked, around half of which are homes.
The Big Island is now bracing for a second phase of evacuations, with no end to the eruptions in sight.