Science
Carbon Nanotube Manufacturing Breakthrough Could Mean Bye-Bye Steel
Posted by Kit Eaton at 8:07 PM on September 30, 2008
Carbon nanotubes have been popping on Giz for a while, touted as one of the next wonder-materials—but a new development in their manufacture means they may not remain "future technology" for long. In fact the work of a team at CSIRO and the University of Texas at Dallas means that commercial-scale production of sheets of carbon nanotube "textile" is possible at up to seven metres per minute.
And these are no ordinary textiles either: they're transparent and way stronger than a sheet of steel. The team's technique involves chemically-growing "forests" of nanotubes that self-assemble, and is reported in Science currently. If it proves true we may see nanotube materials replacing metals like steel pretty soon—though I'm not sure how many people would balk at flying in a plane with wings you can partly see through. [Physorg]

Comments (AU Comments · US Comments)
bill
Posted October 1, 2008 5:59 PM
im still waiting for when steel replaces nanotubes but im sure thats a few years off.
JW
Posted October 6, 2008 12:46 AM
can't they just paint it? then it wouldn't be see thru lol
Uncle B
Posted October 6, 2008 3:14 AM
An extremely light weight corrosion proof carbon fiber bodied plug in commuter vehicle will assure American workers transportation to and from homes and workplaces when oil is no longer feasible, and with the money-printing $700 Billion bail-out out, the price of oil is about to skyrocket. A new era has been shoved onto an unready America and carbon fiber and its many innovative uses will play a pivotal role in our survival.
pythagoruz
Posted October 6, 2008 4:05 AM
Giz,
I'd be impressed if you guys can find the actual paper where this "new" info is being published. The paper physorg refers to is actually from 2005, so this news is three years old! I'd love to be proven wrong and read the new paper but after an exhaustive search I could not find any new paper in Science as they suggest. It is somewhat disappointing that neither you nor physorg undertook this search but it is clear from the lack of a link to an outside source that thats exactly what happened.
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/309/5738/1215
Old news, next.
-Hunter, PhD Candidate in Nanoscience, UIUC
LennyM
Posted October 6, 2008 4:27 AM
As a pilot I welcome transparent wings. Wings are a blind spots but they're not made of steel, they're usually made of aluminum.
Ben Pinto
Posted October 6, 2008 5:16 AM
I'm sure wonderwoman owns the copyright on invisible planes.
Pete
Posted October 6, 2008 6:33 AM
Lasso of truth sold separately.
miki
Posted October 6, 2008 7:18 AM
I guess you could just paint the planes. "Brushed steel from the outside, leather look inside, please! Thaaanks" :-)
Nate
Posted October 6, 2008 11:08 AM
Carbon nanotubes are the next asbestos – they're so small they slip right through the nuclear membrane and damage your DNA. I think we really need to study these things more before we start cranking them out en-masse. Google 'carbon nanotube toxicology.'
Ajh
Posted 9:00 PM 30/9/08
They'll probably paint it with something to make it not transparent?
Ajh
johnthevulcan
Posted 8:52 PM 30/9/08
@scarbrtj: damn.... i wanted to make that reference first... oh well...
johnthevulcan
scarbrtj
Posted 8:50 PM 30/9/08
I thought we'd get transparent aluminum before we'd get transparent carbon nanotube sheets... for transporting humpback whales into the future, mostly.
It'll take years to figure out the dynamics of this matrix.
scarbrtj
Jasontrainer
Posted 8:46 PM 30/9/08
If you can see through the wings then we are just a second or two away from Wonder Woman's invisible jet. I would definitely fly in that.
Jasontrainer
ywpark
Posted 9:23 PM 30/9/08
Let's say they put this thing into mass production. How could they ensure the safety of carbon nanotube particles during manufacturing process? The particles could accumulate within human body and could cause cancer.
ywpark
Stacky Botrus
Posted 9:01 PM 30/9/08
"though I'm not sure how many people would balk at flying in a plane with wings you can partly see through. "
PAINT. Its been around for a while now.
Stacky Botrus
siville
Posted 9:00 PM 30/9/08
I'm thinking bullet-proof tee-shirts. Keeping the force cool you know!
Soon we can have our boys in the military wearing something resembling Tommy Bahama that can stop and RPG.
Technology rocks! And just where can I buy stock in the company that is in the forefront of this?
siville
stryder100
Posted 9:42 PM 30/9/08
This is absolutely spectacular. Hank Rearden Lives!!!
stryder100
Kit Eaton
Posted 9:29 PM 30/9/08
@Stacky Botrus: Duh... IRONY
Kit Eaton
Kit Eaton
Posted 9:27 PM 30/9/08
@ywpark: Pick 10 random manufacturing processes for stuff we take for granted nowadays, and I bet you 8 of them involve some pretty scarily hazardous stuff that makes the (still not strictly proven) health risk from nanotubes look teeny...
Kit Eaton
addiktion
Posted 10:15 PM 30/9/08
I guess big companies steel companies like Nucor and others need to start buying up these nano carbon companies fast if they want to still compete.
addiktion
amacieli
Posted 10:08 PM 30/9/08
@stryder100: +1
amacieli
wingbatwu
Posted 10:08 PM 30/9/08
But but but steel is REAL!
wingbatwu
Mandatory_Field
Posted 9:56 PM 30/9/08
@ywpark: That's what robots are for.
Mandatory_Field
Mandatory_Field
Posted 9:55 PM 30/9/08
"Whoa, check the legs on that chick in the Neon!"...
Mandatory_Field
fsusmithc2
Posted 10:39 PM 30/9/08
Yea, yea, and very soon we'll all be taking a trip on a carbon nanotube space elevator to the moon. Tell me another one spaceman... ;)
fsusmithc2
ksat
Posted 10:34 PM 30/9/08
Why hasn't the military considered using Nanotube artillery shells?? This stuff is strong, right?
ksat
hkmp5n
Posted 10:24 PM 30/9/08
Maybe no one else is sticking out into the middle of the ocean as hurricane bait, but if this stuff really were transparent, Im getting nanotube windows. No more putting up shutters and shit like that.
hkmp5n
ZekeSulastin
Posted 10:59 PM 30/9/08
@helldiver: I always thought it had more to do with aluminum in any form being significantly lighter than steel in any form - steel sheets are machinable to shape, it just so happens that weight is a more important concern.
In that regard, if the carbon nanotube fabric weighs less and functions better than current aluminum skins, it becomes a useful consideration. Unfortunately, the cost will probably keep them out of the air for a while.
ZekeSulastin
helldiver
Posted 10:47 PM 30/9/08
what do you do with a sheet of steel anyway?
I mean, steel is brittle and that is why is used mainly for big bulky items that don't flex much like fittings and structural members in buildings.
Aluminum on the other hand is used a lot more for sheeting panels in aircraft.
So, comparing the nanaotubes sheets with steel sheets doens't really tell me anything about their fatigue properties and suitability for aircraft components :P
helldiver
Necoras
Posted 10:44 PM 30/9/08
General Products Hull?
Necoras
ppiddy
Posted 11:25 PM 30/9/08
@helldiver: Jesus, I didn't mean to come across so catty. I just really love steel. :P
ppiddy
ppiddy
Posted 11:23 PM 30/9/08
@helldiver: Um, not all steel is brittle. One would hope that someone qualified to understand the fatigue properties and suitability of materials for airplanes would know that. See there's this thing, it's called annealing. You should look it up. Steel (depending on the type of course) is also about twice as resistant to fatigue as aluminum.
What's your car's body made of? What's your refrigerator made of? For that matter, what are the springs on your car made of, or the springs in a clock?
This is hardly going to replace steel in many applications. If I were aluminum, I'd be looking into my retirement plan, though.
ppiddy
reddingofish
Posted 11:19 PM 30/9/08
If it is completely transparent then that would explain how spaceships in movies and TV have big bay windows.
You know it's basically a sheet of diamond. I wouldn't suspect that it would bend very well, and at first it will probably be more expensive.
reddingofish
Curves
Posted 11:15 PM 30/9/08
What about the rust? Rust has the right to live too!
Curves
ilves
Posted 11:14 PM 30/9/08
@Necoras:
I'm thinking it won't survive close proximity with a neutron star.
ilves
@werk
Posted 11:53 PM 30/9/08
@stryder100:
+1 agreed, also for some reason I now want to go play Bioshock again.....
@werk
EVEs_Mako
Posted 11:51 PM 30/9/08
One question....can we use the same carbon we are pumping into our atmosphere to build these sheets? Is it the same carbon type? If yes, I can see huge carbon scrubbers filtering our air and harvesting the carbon would go directly to the factory to make these sheets. How wide are the sheets?
EVEs_Mako
B1663R
Posted 11:34 PM 30/9/08
@scarbrtj: SON OF A BITCH!!! I wanted to say that!!!
"Captain, there be whales!!"
B1663R
Killjoy
Posted 11:33 PM 30/9/08
@Kit Eaton: I once roomed with a guy who worked at a factory that produced powdered aluminum for use in manufacturing aluminum parts. The guy came home every day with silver hands - and he was management and didn't handle the stuff himself, it just got everywhere. He joked more than once that his lungs must be shiny.
So yeah, manufacturing and health hazards, hand in metallic hand.
Killjoy
MerciHaruhite
Posted 11:30 PM 30/9/08
Steel can have a wide range of properties depending on the processing history, but it is by no means brittle in most conditions. It's used for structural applications because its ultimate strength greatly exceeds most other materials, particularly in terms of strength to cost. You would almost never use a brittle material in a structural application because brittle materials fail catastrophically. Ductile materials such as steel will absorb far more energy, flex and deform, before they fail. Aluminum is used in aircraft paneling because of its excellent strength-to-weight ratio. In terms of fatigue, Aluminum actually has disadvantages to steel. Steel has a fatigue limit, which is a load level below which the steel has a nearly infinite fatigue life. Aluminum has no such limit, so even at the smallest loads there is a finite number of cycles the component can experience before it fails. That's why inspection protocols are so important on aircraft.
MerciHaruhite
Tank
Posted 12:16 AM 1/10/08
I want a pocket knife with a carbon nanotube blade.
Tank
ripfire
Posted 1:09 AM 1/10/08
@Curves: Oh the irony.
ripfire
dOk
Posted 1:08 AM 1/10/08
@ scarbrtj
Humpback? people?
dOk
chaz9205
Posted 1:03 AM 1/10/08
i want a carbon nanotube pencil, i will never lose at pencil fight buaa ha ha ha ha.
but really i cant wait they they start building buildings and bridges with this stuff. the new designs will be awesome
chaz9205
The Chad
Posted 12:50 AM 1/10/08
@stryder100: +100
@@werk: -1 for cheapening the reference
The Chad
Git Em SteveDave loves this guy-->
Posted 1:32 AM 1/10/08
@B1663R: Isn't it "Admiral, there be whales!". I mean while you don't have to respect the man, respect the rank. ;)
Git Em SteveDave loves this guy-->
Solaricide
Posted 1:27 AM 1/10/08
@ripfire: I see what you did there.
Solaricide
Solaricide
Posted 1:24 AM 1/10/08
@B1663R: SHIT! Also the first thing I thought of...
"Computer? Hello, Computer."
Solaricide
Solaricide
Posted 1:23 AM 1/10/08
@MerciHaruhite: And that's why my bike has a hand-brazed steel frame.... It will last for ever as long as it doesn't get smashed.
Solaricide
nutbastard
Posted 1:20 AM 1/10/08
@ksat:
because artillery is generally kinetic or explosive projectiles - the former needs only mass, not strength (which is backwards from nanotubes, which have high strength to mass) and the latter just needs some old fashioned TNT.
nutbastard
Kayonesoft
Posted 1:11 AM 1/10/08
Computer. Compuuuter...hello computer?
Kayonesoft
stre
Posted 1:42 AM 1/10/08
@EVEs_Mako: from a chemical standpoint, carbon is carbon is carbon. the differences arise in how the carbon is stitched together. that's why diamond is very hard (nice strong crystaline structure) while graphite is not (carbon is layered in sheets that 'slide' over one another).
the only way one carbon atom can be fundamentally different from another is if there is a different number of neutrons in the nucleus of the atom (i.e. it's a different isotope). this doesn't really affect the ability of the atom to bond with other atoms. The only way one of these isotopes could interfere with carbon nanotubes is if carbon-14 were to spontaneously decay to nitrogen-14, leaving a hole in the side of the nanotube. luckily, only 0.0000000001% of carbon atoms are carbon-14.
stre
rubicon_65
Posted 2:40 AM 1/10/08
@Ajh: Exactly what I was thinking. But the Wonder Woman jet thing has potential.
rubicon_65
ericigonzalez
Posted 2:30 AM 1/10/08
carbon nanotube cars would be nice...
ericigonzalez
MavisPuford
Posted 3:14 AM 1/10/08
@Kit Eaton:
Heh, Irony. Get it? We're talkin about metals..
kthxbye.
MavisPuford
yogibimbi
Posted 2:57 AM 1/10/08
mmm, actually, I have more problems with confidence in something that weighs as much as a humpback whale flying through the air than with something as light as an albatross
yogibimbi
lilaliendog
Posted 3:43 AM 1/10/08
@Jasontrainer: but would you take a dump in that
lilaliendog
7raczyk
Posted 3:34 AM 1/10/08
"I'm not sure how many people would balk at flying in a plane with wings you can partly see through"
You can paint it or just manufacturer it with non translucent carbon.
But if people still have problems with it, there's always the brick against head trick or tranquilizers
7raczyk
Con Seannery
Posted 3:30 AM 1/10/08
Can I run my interwebs through these tubes?
Con Seannery
FrankenPC
Posted 3:29 AM 1/10/08
@EVEs_Mako:
You first have to chemically release it from the CO2 molecule. That's the real problem. It takes a lot of energy to break down that molecule on a mass scale.
BUT, historically, some research group typically comes up with a cheap and convenient catalyst to make it happen really fast. If that happens, then, yeah...convert all the carbon you want directly from the atmosphere right into raw materials. Nice.
FrankenPC
Con Seannery
Posted 3:26 AM 1/10/08
@ywpark: They never did prove that it's the tubes, they think it could be impurities in them from the manufacturing processes rather than the tubes themselves.
Con Seannery
este
Posted 5:32 AM 1/10/08
"And these are no ordinary textiles either: they're transparent and way stronger than a sheet of steel."
OF THE SAME THICKNESS (which is retardly thin)
This is a news worthy but this stuff won't be replacing steel anytime between now and the next 20 years. Just because its stronger in one aspect then steel (it doesn't say yield, sheer, tensile etc) doesn't mean shit about its ability for form. Can this be welded like steel ? Can it be machined ? Probably not. Will it impact the composites market, yes, probably.
Sorry dude, no invisible jets for you.
este
Shoghon
Posted 5:26 AM 1/10/08
@scarbrtj: Whew. Thought I was going to have to make this super-nerd reference.
Shoghon
aec007
Posted 6:00 AM 1/10/08
@este:
I'm with you on that one.
On one side you have the materials science, on the other the manufacturability science of it.
Look at amorphous steel too. It's fairly easy to manufacture and something like 10 times stronger than titanium.... OK, so if we make a standard sheet gauge of it... how do we bend it?, conventional press breaks don't work.... Ahhhh. Now that's a little problem.
The news of carbon nanotube sheets is awesome... it will lead "to" materials in the future. But techniques to work those materials will need to be developed before the stuff can hit the market.
People forget that carbon composites have been around for 20+ years but are just now hitting the shelves and they are still expensive.
aec007
Denver_80203
Posted 7:35 AM 1/10/08
How much lighter than steel?
Amazing read. You could just grow the structure right on site.
Denver_80203
logikgr
Posted 10:23 AM 1/10/08
@helldiver, ppiddy: Aluminum isn't going anywhere, as long as you have the beverage industry. Also, since aluminum supply will be freed up, automakers will use it more extensively on average consumer priced autos.
logikgr
Barion
Posted 7:37 PM 1/10/08
@Tank: So you can cut holes into other universes? Very subtle.
Barion
gazork23
Posted 10:53 PM 1/10/08
@Jasontrainer:
guys, this article is 3 years old!!!!!
[www.csiro.au]
take a look at the publish date, August 19th, 2005.
way to go gizmo.
gazork23
gazork23
Posted 10:53 PM 1/10/08
guys, this article is 3 years old!!!!!
[www.csiro.au]
take a look at the publish date, August 19th, 2005.
way to go gizmo.
gazork23
kingglitch
Posted 11:41 PM 30/9/08
One of the HUGE drawbacks with carbon fibers in architectural applications is there is no way to fireproof them, yet. Spray on insulation [like every piece of steel gets] does not work with Carbon fibers. Carbon fiber has been an architectural pipe dream for awhile. Check this out, it is pretty cool, a few years old now but still relevant.
[www.erinaardianto.com]
kingglitch
ShrivalliCyparissus
Posted 12:21 AM 1/10/08
from a guy who is actually the one on the ground making sure this stuff doesn't get in the water, you are very, very right. about the 8 out of 10 for hazardous chemicals. here is the problem: nanotech produces molecules that are super-reactive - and i mean unnaturally reactive - yet stable and dispersed. so they are very, very hard to test for health effects and even harder to test levels of pollution. that would be if there were even any real regulation, which there isn't. nanosilver is probably more scary, because there is more data, but don't take nanotubes lightly. the catalysts to make any nanoproduct are what are really bad, even though all the manufacturers claim the "closed loop system is perfectly safe." oh- and even if something isn't toxic to humans, it can still kill a treatment plant, and then its sewage in, sewage out.
ShrivalliCyparissus
Elasticity
Posted 10:45 PM 30/9/08
can you say "future indestructable see-through clothing"?
Elasticity